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You’ve learned quick sort. Let’s see how well you understand it.
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Question 1: What is the average time complexity of quick sort? A. O(n) B. O(n log n) (Correct) C. O(n²) D. O(2ⁿ) Explanation: Quick sort has O(n log n) average time complexity when pivot selection is good, making it one of the fastest sorting algorithms.
Question 2: What is the worst-case time complexity of quick sort? A. O(n log n) B. O(n²) (Correct) C. O(n) D. O(log n) Explanation: Quick sort has O(n²) worst-case time complexity when the pivot is always the smallest or largest element, creating unbalanced partitions.
Question 3: What is the space complexity of quick sort? A. O(n) B. O(log n) (Correct) C. O(1) D. O(n log n) Explanation: Quick sort has O(log n) space complexity for the recursion stack in the average case, making it more space-efficient than merge sort.
Question 4: Is quick sort stable? A. Yes, always B. No, never (Correct) C. Sometimes D. Depends on implementation Explanation: Quick sort is not stable because partitioning may change the relative order of equal elements when swapping.
Question 5: What happens if we always pick the last element as pivot on a sorted array? A. O(n log n) performance B. O(n²) performance (Correct) C. O(n) performance D. Infinite loop Explanation: If we always pick the last element as pivot on a sorted array, we get unbalanced partitions (all elements on one side), leading to O(n²) worst-case performance.
Implement the partition function:
Run code to see output...
You’ve mastered:
✅ Quick Sort Algorithm : Pick pivot, partition, recurse
✅ Partition Operation : Rearrange around pivot
✅ Complexity : O(n log n) average, O(n²) worst, O(log n) space
✅ Characteristics : Fast, in-place, not stable
✅ When to Use : When you need fast average performance
With quick sort knowledge, you can:
Implement fast sorting in production
Understand divide-and-conquer algorithms
Build efficient sorting systems
Optimize pivot selection
Appreciate algorithm trade-offs
Practice with more sorting problems
Learn pivot selection strategies
Study iterative quick sort
Explore three-way partitioning
Great job completing this tutorial!